The research will highlight the interventions required to address the road safety on highways in India. It will include 2, 4, 6 lanes and expressways. It will also include the sections of highways that pass-through towns and Villages. The research will present road traffic crash patterns based on published reports and studies and identify the key areas needing intervention. Crash patterns and specific problems encountered in 2, 4, 6, lane highway and expressway will be presented. Most importantly, it will focus on why road safety must be understood as a science and, therefore, how the policies, standards and adoption of new technologies should be based on hard evidence. A brief summary of scientific principles accepted for road safety will be presented. Global best practices for highway designs for 2, 4, 6 lanes and expressways will be summarised. Discussion for the following important themes will be included: Principles of Vision Zero; Designing Forgiving roads; Speed control by design. A review of the contractual provisions/practices for safety will be done for different contractual models like PPP, 0 & M, EPC to identify issues and recommendations will be provided to improve the same. Recommendations will be made for road owning agencies (NHAI, MoRTH, PWD) and will include policy to actionable plans. A road map for phased implementation of the recommended measures will be proposed to address the specific problems in the follOWing areas: 

• Highway safety (remedial design measures)

• Recommended institutional structure (National/State/District level)

• New road Standards

• Safety provisions in the contractual arrangements